tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89845337317391141952024-03-21T22:04:21.346-07:00Seeing Red: The Quest for Medieval RubyJ. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.comBlogger39125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-79589083140929624982014-09-12T23:29:00.001-07:002014-09-12T23:29:04.984-07:00J. Kenneth Leap - Glass Making in Bryn Athyn<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/eM-qUzLrRNo" width="480"></iframe>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-48324708928528354592013-04-02T06:26:00.003-07:002013-04-02T06:26:51.694-07:00“The Secrets of Glass Painting”
<br />
<div class="p1">
I recently received this email from Robert Jason at <a href="http://www.bendheimartglass.com/">S. A. Bendheim</a>:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
I came across a small German book in our Bendheim archives titled “The Secrets of Glass Painting” dated 1831. As I remember, you were hunting for some ancient color formulations. If you’re interested, please let me know which colors are important for you and if they’re there, we’ll send you a translation.</blockquote>
<div class="p1">
Here is my reply:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Thank you for remembering my interest. For several years now I have been pursing a research project related to red glass made with copper. My involvement with Bryn Athyn brought to my attention the efforts their craftsmen took to "recreate" a red glass that matched the streaky red glasses of the 12th & 13th century. This glass was eventually made at the Bryn Athyn factory between 1922 and 1942 but the day books and formula are particularly scant. The "secret" of the Bryn Athyn red was apparently closely guarded and went to the grave with the last glassblower.<br />When I came to this conclusion I turned my focus to the work of Lawrence Saint who was involved with the Bryn Athyn Project from 1917 to 1929. He left Bryn Athyn to work on the Washington National Cathedral. Although Saint was not a glass blower, he was funded by the Cathedral to build a hotshop behind his home in Huntington Valley PA After a period of experimentation his studio began to produce streaky red sheets which are incorporated into his panels in the Washington Cathedral. Saint was very prolific and kept copious notes. Several collections of his materials still exist. I have reviewed these in the archives of the Smithsonian and Corning Museum of Glass.<br />I am in possession of a copy of Saint's formula but have been unsuccessful in finding a glass blower willing and capable of trying it out. You may remember that I placed several orders with Lambert's and although they were able to come close to the color - they could not match the structure of the glass - which continues to remain completely different from anything available on todays market.<br />Here is a link to a blog where I have documented my research: <a href="http://striatedruby.blogspot.com/"><span class="s1">http://striatedruby.blogspot.com/</span></a>I continue to collect information to add to "the pile". I accept your offer and would like to have translations of any recipes concerning red glass made with copper as I am most interested in the "medieval" reds. Any formulas which include gold are a different animal as, from my understanding, gold as a coloring agent didn't show up until the renaissance. Since your volume dates from 1831 I am sure both Saint and the Bryn Athyn Craftsmen were aware of it. Both did extensive research and would have scoured the world for any known formulas. The "lineage" of the Bryn Athyn formulas is interesting in an of itself. Raymond Pitcairn hired a man named John Larson on the recommendation of Tiffany to make glass for him and later to set up the Bryn Athyn Glassworks. Larson's father was a Swedish glassblower who learned his trade at the Kosta factory (think Kostaboda: <a href="http://www.kostaboda.com/"><span class="s1">http://www.kostaboda.com/</span></a>) I am convinced Bryn Athyn formulas were originally mixed by Larson.<br />It's all interesting in a very geeky glass way!<br />On last note: The Summer 2011 I visited the Wissmach factory in West Virginia. They make a glass that is very close to the structure of the medieval reds but since it is table cast it lacks the clarity of mouth-blown sheet glass and fails as a stand in. I continue to remain disappointed that Lambert's can't produce this glass.<br /> <br />Next time I have the opportunity to bend your ear we can talk about how Lambert's should also invest in developing a glass that takes <a href="http://thepaintedwindow.blogspot.com/">silver stain</a> better. </blockquote>
J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-37462090870244586272012-03-19T11:10:00.000-07:002012-03-19T11:10:37.913-07:00Q: Did Blenko use these methods?Peter Cormack asked: <span style="font-family: Tahoma;">Do you think Blenko ever used similar methods -
especially the cutting of the 'muff' cylinder while still hot - for its
'antique' glass? You'll no doubt recall those pieces of glass I brought to </span><st1:place style="font-family: Tahoma;" w:st="on">Princeton</st1:place><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">, some of which had that characteristic
'hand-cut' edge. They came from Connick's studio, but did he get them from
Lawrence Saint or from Blenko (if they started imitating Bryn Athyn's/Saint's
methods)?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;">My reply: </span>As far as I know Blenko was making
2 kinds of cylinders: 1 blown into a bare metal mold and another into one lined
with wet cork. Each produced a different texture. I don’t believe these were
cut while on the blow pipe. I think rather they were annealed as cylinders then
cut, reheated and flattened – I am basing this judgment on examples of their
glass which I used to be able to purchase ( in the 80’s & 90’s) through SA
Bendheim in NY. But I can’t say for certain that they did not use the muff
method at an earlier time.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some years ago Dan Maher in MA
showed me sheet glass that he had obtained when Connick Studios closed. The
sheets also matched that produced by Saint’s & Bryn Athyn’s Glass works. It
was identical to the size of your sheets and displayed similar tool marks. I
have not found any evidence that Bryn Athyn Glassworks was offering any of its
glass for sale to other studios. I strongly believe their glass was made exclusively
for Bryn Athyn Cathedral & Pitcairn’s home, Glencairn. Not even other
Swedenborgian churches have this glass. But before the Bryn Athyn Glassworks
was built in 1922 Raymond Pitcairn was commissioning sheet glass from John
Larson who had a studio in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Glendale</st1:city>
<st1:state w:st="on">NY</st1:state></st1:place>. It was Larson who eventually set
up the Bryn Athyn Glassworks for Pitcairn and his associate David Smith stayed on
as Bryn Athyn’s gaffer after Larson left the enterprise. However, Larson’s main
production was decorative blown vessels and lampshades – not sheet glass. I got
the impression Larson considered the production of sheet glass in the muff
method to be a rather mundane skill which could be easily taught to a subordinate.
Larson’s real contribution may have been his knowledge of color formulas
including the striated copper red..<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I wish I knew more about where Connick
and his contemporaries were obtaining glass? Perhaps this would shed some light
on these mysteries. There remain many intriguing connections.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-4380849553962573072011-09-23T13:01:00.000-07:002011-09-23T13:01:22.307-07:00Off to Portugal<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-8ROGe2Z0KujRYpupKSo2JpUWcPEgw5JvSfunNNJo0OExfkIENb-9TMoHgdD3UtCzvL8m5balO8ZpaFvHxK7ROtHKQMJ7ms-F3aBqCVVzTen6ZjsF3QfXLAiMgv0RhFOu6NmJ2P2ASV8/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-8ROGe2Z0KujRYpupKSo2JpUWcPEgw5JvSfunNNJo0OExfkIENb-9TMoHgdD3UtCzvL8m5balO8ZpaFvHxK7ROtHKQMJ7ms-F3aBqCVVzTen6ZjsF3QfXLAiMgv0RhFOu6NmJ2P2ASV8/s320/Untitled-1.jpg" width="235" /></a></div>This is a quick post before I fly off to Portugal. I will give a full update when I return but I must thank Jason Klein of <a href="http://www.historicalglassworks.com/">Historical Glassworks</a> for coming to the rescue and working on making some red glass samples. He sent me several by overnight post which are just killer.J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-51373435006909513252011-09-18T06:00:00.000-07:002011-09-18T06:00:01.125-07:00Page 32: The Final Player<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Vapucwldw1aKGgO2rLvmSjfVPEDyaMmocS6mVqCeLLK0kqdOEOnUk3Si4ze-EkKOe6x_oXDJshnb-Qg-MQAVYqTZX_CnARi3CPkVYNdE4Qb5Bmahtj1oiHzl131taa2v8vcqK94bDAk/s1600/seeing_red150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Vapucwldw1aKGgO2rLvmSjfVPEDyaMmocS6mVqCeLLK0kqdOEOnUk3Si4ze-EkKOe6x_oXDJshnb-Qg-MQAVYqTZX_CnARi3CPkVYNdE4Qb5Bmahtj1oiHzl131taa2v8vcqK94bDAk/s320/seeing_red150.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">I now have Saint’s “complete” red formula and I know his working technique required a furnace with 4 crucibles; so let me introduce the final player in my saga. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY3bNtabebK-TfXlYHzQSwLJZznZT5fRWPzfypeLg6hd7NCVSnV-6YX7FKEr-861zAUPBnrRt9h1PqOd3_rfpyagMAK76GQhtx2MgJ6usS2pdg8U-GTQnSK3B9zK-YKS6mlCajRq5kziM/s1600/seeing_red151.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY3bNtabebK-TfXlYHzQSwLJZznZT5fRWPzfypeLg6hd7NCVSnV-6YX7FKEr-861zAUPBnrRt9h1PqOd3_rfpyagMAK76GQhtx2MgJ6usS2pdg8U-GTQnSK3B9zK-YKS6mlCajRq5kziM/s320/seeing_red151.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Not far from my studio in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Millville</st1:place></st1:city> lives another glass blower named Rich Federici. He trained at the <st1:city w:st="on">Wheaton</st1:city> factory and now runs his own hot shop in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Vineland</st1:place></st1:city>. Rich has become interested in making his own glass after taking a workshop with Peter VanderLaan. According to tradition, in order to be considered a “master” glassblower in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Italy</st1:place></st1:country-region> one would have known how to make glass from scratch. With a surname like Federici, Rich definitely aspires to be an Italian master! He listened eagerly to my tale and excitedly pulled out his copies of historic texts. He told me he had begun experimenting with some of his own color recipes and gave me a tour of his shop. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiWR40WQQvOhnppoKgQs1SdFZbgNOvJ-Srtk0P6paNgWdfjf49RpchWHvUFhaBwbLbXpTxXHhtCnW6bcJYvkg26TgwtbNETtMgzUD5Ckv3-7WaPHX0XSq_S0sdYmvj9GO2wSU6iFStGU/s1600/seeing_red152.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiWR40WQQvOhnppoKgQs1SdFZbgNOvJ-Srtk0P6paNgWdfjf49RpchWHvUFhaBwbLbXpTxXHhtCnW6bcJYvkg26TgwtbNETtMgzUD5Ckv3-7WaPHX0XSq_S0sdYmvj9GO2wSU6iFStGU/s320/seeing_red152.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Finally he stopped by an old annealer and explained how he had recently converted it to a crucible furnace to hold multiple color pots. With a twinkle in his eye he rolled back the lid to reveal a glowing furnace with 4 perfectly sized color pots. I imagined <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Lawrence</st1:city></st1:place> smiling down at us. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaeq7Z5k41minfqSNi6GN5lt5WTfQQ9IiNh2mpK3IiGUzS9qlDbNF8Gj2xA_7IVisQgq6gdFzZjj_o3oyMenKBWngYN2qtP1qCp1SuwKXpFw39qQ2haVUMlTNXC_YE-9T7PFWOej5aoLk/s1600/seeing_red154.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaeq7Z5k41minfqSNi6GN5lt5WTfQQ9IiNh2mpK3IiGUzS9qlDbNF8Gj2xA_7IVisQgq6gdFzZjj_o3oyMenKBWngYN2qtP1qCp1SuwKXpFw39qQ2haVUMlTNXC_YE-9T7PFWOej5aoLk/s320/seeing_red154.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I would like to acknowledge the following institutions and their helpful staff who assisted me with my research: The Glencairn Museum, the Bryn Athyn Cathedral, the Rakow Library at the Corning Museum of Glass, the Archives of the National Cathedral, the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History, the Wheaton Library at the Museum of American Glass and the Wheaton Arts Glass Factory. I would also like to thank the following glass craftsmen who helped me understand the practical dynamics of glass chemistry by generously helping me prepare samples: Jason Kline and Daniel Read. My special thanks go out to Martha Saint Berberian, granddaughter of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Lawrence</st1:city></st1:place> Saint and her family.</i></span><br />
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</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-39325876250347207222011-09-11T06:00:00.000-07:002011-09-11T06:00:10.664-07:00Page 31: Does the Story End Here?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sW6aG5LCQS5aWWsatQrv6Aky3qioVq8-aMfKLcjC7q6TBTHjcFGUkVzDN-2GY7rLX0cLiRj2PO2mklM4TEyZJgh8D9kHRHQ-Jl71Zy9gKWh8y-ZACo11GqugYq2sRK0oWTBR7St0kTQ/s1600/seeing_red149.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sW6aG5LCQS5aWWsatQrv6Aky3qioVq8-aMfKLcjC7q6TBTHjcFGUkVzDN-2GY7rLX0cLiRj2PO2mklM4TEyZJgh8D9kHRHQ-Jl71Zy9gKWh8y-ZACo11GqugYq2sRK0oWTBR7St0kTQ/s320/seeing_red149.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The story could end here, but let’s assess. Lawrence Saint went to heroic lengths to develop and document his formulas. He tried to safeguard his work for posterity by depositing it into two of the Nation’s apparently safest repositories. His collection, which he donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was nearly destroyed by a flood after being reaccessioned to the Corning Museum of Glass. His notes from the Archive of the National Cathedral were nearly thrown out several times before being transferred to the Smithsonian were they remain incomplete. In his autobiography Saint writes, “I have held nothing back.” He wanted his work to be known so it could be replicated by a future artisan if his masterpieces at the National Cathedral ever require restoration. It remains only to put the question to the test. Was it enough? Could Saint’s red actually be made by a modern craftsman from his formula and notes alone? </span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-14239334216233723942011-09-04T06:00:00.000-07:002011-09-18T11:24:32.045-07:00Page 30: Jason Klein<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKVy6VNH24I7wf9oZRwiRhkzhnr4x7WsyOHuvc_QGFJIBkzo6NR2Z5xXZd_3fZP5gWECvNTMydTGuIH48SYlAb-1Cn4a6xouV-jaeptyyZMAFAueHzNMmPW5j9KAXTXe_dc5zfiwyCFkM/s1600/seeing_red129.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKVy6VNH24I7wf9oZRwiRhkzhnr4x7WsyOHuvc_QGFJIBkzo6NR2Z5xXZd_3fZP5gWECvNTMydTGuIH48SYlAb-1Cn4a6xouV-jaeptyyZMAFAueHzNMmPW5j9KAXTXe_dc5zfiwyCFkM/s320/seeing_red129.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Next I turned to my friend, Jason Klein</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">, a glass blower who also shares a passion for middle ages reenactment. He graciously volunteered his time and worked with me to produce some tests. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJ2wHKIiT6S-jS6HC9HpqQHYzPKOSq1vWm4ODHiQL594kZS0G9HPgsSHawEuaQOUur9beFtGkUuzjZYBwtSvWfuH6ZX0eo8uHRGOB9eSBwwNLY9SVqBkR0JRIzv42vfN1Go-UB4-vpV0/s1600/seeing_red130.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJ2wHKIiT6S-jS6HC9HpqQHYzPKOSq1vWm4ODHiQL594kZS0G9HPgsSHawEuaQOUur9beFtGkUuzjZYBwtSvWfuH6ZX0eo8uHRGOB9eSBwwNLY9SVqBkR0JRIzv42vfN1Go-UB4-vpV0/s320/seeing_red130.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKNLSwJBtBnypoF3ZSQeoZhXhJ3pNfrJZl_D_PLz5mNDzkYRd76xz_47fN0GexsXaSy2bdtDJRU_zmhLbjj-5tVbecO3Ud42GGwAVTXe8wNuIKB-c37IBfw4iB1wv0HapqC6r-HvCFkE4/s1600/seeing_red131.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKNLSwJBtBnypoF3ZSQeoZhXhJ3pNfrJZl_D_PLz5mNDzkYRd76xz_47fN0GexsXaSy2bdtDJRU_zmhLbjj-5tVbecO3Ud42GGwAVTXe8wNuIKB-c37IBfw4iB1wv0HapqC6r-HvCFkE4/s320/seeing_red131.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">He melted a commercially-produced clear cullet in his furnace but he was able to come very close to the color of the medieval glass using copper red frit from Zimmerman and approximated the structure by varying his gathering technique allowing the glass to twist in on itself, and folding it multiple times. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixq6HhdBcltLJDe9PgWW21I8_lPOmZX9I7n9Sg8zZbtg6i6_n5aRdmEd2KXIH3D3va-JAxHIsvrfsQnuj4JlGZ5_FLbWrd0eXt_aB6AA6u_6oqLK4O3tZxbZ89Km92LkRc2s7wh9Sm6Pw/s1600/seeing_red146.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixq6HhdBcltLJDe9PgWW21I8_lPOmZX9I7n9Sg8zZbtg6i6_n5aRdmEd2KXIH3D3va-JAxHIsvrfsQnuj4JlGZ5_FLbWrd0eXt_aB6AA6u_6oqLK4O3tZxbZ89Km92LkRc2s7wh9Sm6Pw/s320/seeing_red146.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-GuAbO3Hf1YaooS4CLoUm_VjY5VA_LU_xnNnoy3tSc-8OGnRpE6iSNt5DMFKUwmm_WzbZLjbClZxf5y9BDDtTE4gL7IzY_P7uoI6-cFbIJtSFNJ_d-6KqZ-XEQvx3CwCqPrJZx2wHVUw/s1600/seeing_red147.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-GuAbO3Hf1YaooS4CLoUm_VjY5VA_LU_xnNnoy3tSc-8OGnRpE6iSNt5DMFKUwmm_WzbZLjbClZxf5y9BDDtTE4gL7IzY_P7uoI6-cFbIJtSFNJ_d-6KqZ-XEQvx3CwCqPrJZx2wHVUw/s320/seeing_red147.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Medieval red (left) Jason's glass (right)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitvjsuLrv102SRi9lvQZJPnmM0jN3rO8n1mpo0s1LxG2A-EsAzGH8yygJlq6ziE6eZcQ8r-gn4LKuLFujeXghK4cLzyJPEUgmag_M_rjys5u2n00kUJQnsuWufRijqmrppXW-3D-2Xoog/s1600/seeing_red148.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitvjsuLrv102SRi9lvQZJPnmM0jN3rO8n1mpo0s1LxG2A-EsAzGH8yygJlq6ziE6eZcQ8r-gn4LKuLFujeXghK4cLzyJPEUgmag_M_rjys5u2n00kUJQnsuWufRijqmrppXW-3D-2Xoog/s320/seeing_red148.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Medieval red (left) Jason's glass (right)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Although Jason was able to produce some impressive results, there is no indication that Saint, the Bryn Athyn craftsmen or their medieval counterparts produced the striated effect in this manner. Rather, Saint’s own research indicates that the medieval glass was streaky within the crucible caused by the addition of copper scales. In all probability it was not made intentionally to be streaky but was striated by nature. Saint, however, intentionally produced a streaky glass by stirring two pots together in his furnace. He even records the reluctance of his gaffer to follow his instruction to stir the pot 100 times! A discussion I had with glassblower and formulator, Peter VanderLaan, confirmed this nature of copper reds. The colloidal suspension they form would tend to create streaks within the glass. I observed another difference. The fritted glass Jason worked with achieved a full red color in his electric annealing oven, whereas both the Saint and the Bryn Athyn records indicate their reds needed a second firing in a reduction atmosphere to reach full color. Working with a skilled glassblower definitely provided the opportunity to make at least a small quantity of striated red that was a very close match to a medieval red. </span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-15695803896307527642011-08-28T06:00:00.000-07:002011-08-28T06:00:00.376-07:00Page 29: Modern Attempts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_mqRpTd1CciCUvl8kHZDVgMUyUocsO9f74Uag7HbwzQQ_hGmNtQv7Eqs-lTclVv1VQSv7Z1nLM5FovxqyLoldJ-KI0YaYUJK7B-51sY95EM-3Zdt1_CrJHvtzBHDeyzHme6Rn5xaoVlc/s1600/seeing_red125.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_mqRpTd1CciCUvl8kHZDVgMUyUocsO9f74Uag7HbwzQQ_hGmNtQv7Eqs-lTclVv1VQSv7Z1nLM5FovxqyLoldJ-KI0YaYUJK7B-51sY95EM-3Zdt1_CrJHvtzBHDeyzHme6Rn5xaoVlc/s320/seeing_red125.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Why does any of this matter? Like the prospect facing Pitcairn in 1912, a designer in stained glass today would discover that there is no commercially-produced red glass on the market that matches the striated ruby of the middle ages. There are streaky copper-based reds produced by several factories, but when placed side by side with a medieval sample they are inadequate. What the Bryn Athyn craftsmen and Lawrence Saint achieved is absent from today’s palette. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYnzmkG68h1rJzktV2qGrk1u1lobNbDayTYB8GzthSggDTDeRcdDDlWHzJAvUXq9Hx2Vz_Dzb64HsXr_Rfz032OvoyWaKQhpDA14vyPkUEAnSfmM9kSY5pwlzTA7ExHg2YHbf44qITZHw/s1600/seeing_red126.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYnzmkG68h1rJzktV2qGrk1u1lobNbDayTYB8GzthSggDTDeRcdDDlWHzJAvUXq9Hx2Vz_Dzb64HsXr_Rfz032OvoyWaKQhpDA14vyPkUEAnSfmM9kSY5pwlzTA7ExHg2YHbf44qITZHw/s320/seeing_red126.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In my attempt to obtain a similar glass, I sent a sample of the Bryn Athyn red to the Lambert’s factory in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Germany</st1:place></st1:country-region> and they were unable to match it. Reviewing Lamberts’ attempts with the glassblowers I know from my association with the <st1:city w:st="on">Wheaton</st1:city> factory in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Millville</st1:place></st1:city>, the verdict was that the color was accurate but the intricacy of the striated pattern was not well replicated owing to the larger size of the Lamberts’ sheets.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6d-KEgVhc9zzVestcbOA5vaIYUG8FyhWgJGeFg0N7lHD2s7PoXsnQLxOc8iMq8ZIhbud9sqtyab-oGuppf_aet4Mg7SnTD35uWoE6tsGb-ZHSINqb-pWfUJUo3bgWXFWNqQXVV0ibhRE/s1600/seeing_red127.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6d-KEgVhc9zzVestcbOA5vaIYUG8FyhWgJGeFg0N7lHD2s7PoXsnQLxOc8iMq8ZIhbud9sqtyab-oGuppf_aet4Mg7SnTD35uWoE6tsGb-ZHSINqb-pWfUJUo3bgWXFWNqQXVV0ibhRE/s320/seeing_red127.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lamberts' first attempt</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQgZN-OoIQp7inHTWMiRZbn0rdmQ2N8s_3pXL1nQc3eN2Lgdl1_MxON8gKwjtHF3DStdNjTVqkmSrJakajb1YENb0tbhP13PMPV57CmY5PkWWsLsM0iwkKdZ9qvxd4D4snPLO1_IRJFNU/s1600/seeing_red128.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQgZN-OoIQp7inHTWMiRZbn0rdmQ2N8s_3pXL1nQc3eN2Lgdl1_MxON8gKwjtHF3DStdNjTVqkmSrJakajb1YENb0tbhP13PMPV57CmY5PkWWsLsM0iwkKdZ9qvxd4D4snPLO1_IRJFNU/s320/seeing_red128.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lamberts' second attempt</td></tr>
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</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-85489115763558166002011-08-21T06:00:00.000-07:002011-08-21T06:00:07.601-07:00Page 28: Two Discoveries<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHts1VVXA3toqqs_m0VAm24Tf0U0tJh9jTLAdWMFNLeGqbNIl0qp2cPwu8Eb7YeVzvtLFdDsqlG7l5vrAodWdmDu_cWdtF3Da3IWx2t7IqX2OcWe5vfFHIlUI1xmx5Dcer0ZkU4K8ZqU/s1600/seeing_red122.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHts1VVXA3toqqs_m0VAm24Tf0U0tJh9jTLAdWMFNLeGqbNIl0qp2cPwu8Eb7YeVzvtLFdDsqlG7l5vrAodWdmDu_cWdtF3Da3IWx2t7IqX2OcWe5vfFHIlUI1xmx5Dcer0ZkU4K8ZqU/s320/seeing_red122.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">I made two discoveries; first, the sheets did, in fact, have accession numbers which linked them to further documentation in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Corning</st1:place></st1:city>’s archive. Secondly, the sheets were identical in appearance to the Bryn Athyn striated ruby right down to their surface markings. By studying the sheets in the Cathedral basement I had already discovered that each of the Bryn Athyn sheets bore a code inscribed with a diamond. These markings indicated the formula number and order the sheet was made on a particular day. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7in_1rQZTBB6sLu9hY9r342ugB4KG365d6EgICsG9n8cJIukehBEiYABLoRhFZLn0tuALT3qjZwMbJkAL5WuUgi_N_3naAZQVYUnOAzOD32zAZmE5s8hTbDy3S6CL1ezp19SHudcGm8/s1600/seeing_red124.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7in_1rQZTBB6sLu9hY9r342ugB4KG365d6EgICsG9n8cJIukehBEiYABLoRhFZLn0tuALT3qjZwMbJkAL5WuUgi_N_3naAZQVYUnOAzOD32zAZmE5s8hTbDy3S6CL1ezp19SHudcGm8/s320/seeing_red124.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">For instance, 875-11 would indicate the 11<sup>th</sup> sheet made that day from formula 875. Since the ruby color would continue to strike as it was reheated, the Bryn Athyn craftsmen learned by experimentation to fire the red sheets to a temperature above the point at which the glass would be fired by the glass painters later in the window- making process; otherwise the color would continue to darken. The temperature of the second firing (typically 1180 degrees F) was also inscribed on the sheets. Apparently Saint used the same coding system he had learned at Bryn Athyn as his sheets were identically marked. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">We may never know if Saint’s formula is exactly the same as the Bryn Athyn formula, which Ariel Gunther may have taken to his grave, but I feel confident in saying that they must have been very close. At least they appear visually identical.</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-61091401423292970272011-08-14T06:00:00.000-07:002011-08-14T06:00:07.361-07:00Page 27: The Reds at Last!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAuzE8wJjqsMwD8pEcc7sQ4tSv70Uwd4Gs-UekB-AsXVQui1BdphemWABLSHsThgoMq2y-uNw46UcGfaVvJlr5loWo3EVURfEOR9eTsv53DqrVOgVFBpscdXsiRH-OCGt_zlX_v48okQk/s1600/seeing_red113.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAuzE8wJjqsMwD8pEcc7sQ4tSv70Uwd4Gs-UekB-AsXVQui1BdphemWABLSHsThgoMq2y-uNw46UcGfaVvJlr5loWo3EVURfEOR9eTsv53DqrVOgVFBpscdXsiRH-OCGt_zlX_v48okQk/s320/seeing_red113.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Unlike the way that his materials are organized at the Smithsonian, the <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Corning</st1:place></st1:city> files contain samples of glass packaged in the same envelope as the formula. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG1JTpv98a61zT8mg8sXspdbOMbPkTiJ5EV0kz9CN5Ee1_luELcKqKDkGP3uUdEe6EFV0rj6f5prrVJIspBxYJ0n7LFrpfChepshPz-gbXwhDJaTkSPs5ROrCi367XX5MokBqVJSggzoA/s1600/seeing_red117.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG1JTpv98a61zT8mg8sXspdbOMbPkTiJ5EV0kz9CN5Ee1_luELcKqKDkGP3uUdEe6EFV0rj6f5prrVJIspBxYJ0n7LFrpfChepshPz-gbXwhDJaTkSPs5ROrCi367XX5MokBqVJSggzoA/s320/seeing_red117.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Corning</st1:place></st1:city> materials are complete and revealed many variations of the illusive red glass. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBdprgJR6niQk94vm5xYezxj-Rh9OdDRpA32bXKktJFaoeYKy25CoabLYcVLxf1u3HS2G51zpuoCGAd1a-WyO2mfqRI7oEKzx9YGqP9N1GKJfLczGEP6tIDT5ymNG4OVBmOdPI1KKW_e8/s1600/seeing_red118.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBdprgJR6niQk94vm5xYezxj-Rh9OdDRpA32bXKktJFaoeYKy25CoabLYcVLxf1u3HS2G51zpuoCGAd1a-WyO2mfqRI7oEKzx9YGqP9N1GKJfLczGEP6tIDT5ymNG4OVBmOdPI1KKW_e8/s320/seeing_red118.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg22kcl3N_a8osy6dP6_DIOXs4EPhPhp5Gf82dQgM6Gong4q4sNvYHQWbRMPlXIxkaMZkYWLCOFCGpd209EUP0q5Lzr7TiGveKfLXAvlSbaEBRDiWFpml9GtoEHMW29XdAa8ya9GLjo0yg/s1600/seeing_red119.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg22kcl3N_a8osy6dP6_DIOXs4EPhPhp5Gf82dQgM6Gong4q4sNvYHQWbRMPlXIxkaMZkYWLCOFCGpd209EUP0q5Lzr7TiGveKfLXAvlSbaEBRDiWFpml9GtoEHMW29XdAa8ya9GLjo0yg/s320/seeing_red119.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Obviously I was very excited by this find. One of the boxes appeared to contain roundels and rectangular sheets of glass that had been individually wrapped in layers of paper towels. The receding flood waters had turned these into tightly fitted </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">paper-mâché<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">cocoons. From my research I was aware that the Saint factory produced all of their colors in the form of roundels with the exception of the striated reds which were made in the muff method and flattened into rectangular sheets. Tantalizingly, there were rectangular shapes in the box. Immediately I knew that I was looking at complete sheets of Saint’s red glass and I asked if they could be unwrapped. As the items did not obviously bear accession numbers, the Registrar was willing to soak them in the Conservator’s sink and the paper wrappings gradually came away. The beautiful sheets of Saint’s striated ruby glass were at last revealed. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTnRWx9-BSTb2BKreXkDIrsBJ131Y7zPEPfYzclHE0amZLoS5kpkoHfHmym4DdY8CDXqWvk89P9F1Tukjqdja36dKAzjQzwnS4vh6BWzeaoQQntAmVBYJTycuu0XP57XnJ13PaNd_GMCk/s1600/seeing_red121.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTnRWx9-BSTb2BKreXkDIrsBJ131Y7zPEPfYzclHE0amZLoS5kpkoHfHmym4DdY8CDXqWvk89P9F1Tukjqdja36dKAzjQzwnS4vh6BWzeaoQQntAmVBYJTycuu0XP57XnJ13PaNd_GMCk/s320/seeing_red121.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8s62JevuNdpFRq_f8SfRhqeAXlNpt2rDgeuJnmiDPMEFIbz1FVeRf_X0-l6CDtx2USI13-2zqXZUcGphg-j6wzRxaX092GmCNCVm_Rh-7dF4CuSsaRINQmx9ZCpU-_7BBCQB9LfQ69RM/s1600/seeing_red123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8s62JevuNdpFRq_f8SfRhqeAXlNpt2rDgeuJnmiDPMEFIbz1FVeRf_X0-l6CDtx2USI13-2zqXZUcGphg-j6wzRxaX092GmCNCVm_Rh-7dF4CuSsaRINQmx9ZCpU-_7BBCQB9LfQ69RM/s320/seeing_red123.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-85944222070200591882011-08-07T06:00:00.000-07:002011-08-07T06:00:04.836-07:00Page 26: The Corning Collection<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgur8eP0W5qBEUUCjz5x6DKikIy2BssfC0cuVFJtxwIqzrDFeHFPcFlnsy7O7Wac3hZDezWROfn13J_Usd-m0oxCGBB_wbuqvfJmYzm4GgkM0O8dqFAX8KJBsUgCllbJT-4OuAE4iDuqmg/s1600/seeing_red106.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgur8eP0W5qBEUUCjz5x6DKikIy2BssfC0cuVFJtxwIqzrDFeHFPcFlnsy7O7Wac3hZDezWROfn13J_Usd-m0oxCGBB_wbuqvfJmYzm4GgkM0O8dqFAX8KJBsUgCllbJT-4OuAE4iDuqmg/s320/seeing_red106.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Corning’s collection consists of 9 large metal boxes each the size of a filing cabinet drawer. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5EmaA4T7gX8PlwIfO1ZIlr1J1THF8grqKM0NnftFMxdxKIcf4LuMOJyAN4fO8ezJGwNaxLdTQ_7PxmScvUxg4S8X2hgWnbXfNrZwCRD8rOcoouXbgWaobOsUNe1lx8GHJJyCFSLj_DJs/s1600/seeing_red107.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5EmaA4T7gX8PlwIfO1ZIlr1J1THF8grqKM0NnftFMxdxKIcf4LuMOJyAN4fO8ezJGwNaxLdTQ_7PxmScvUxg4S8X2hgWnbXfNrZwCRD8rOcoouXbgWaobOsUNe1lx8GHJJyCFSLj_DJs/s320/seeing_red107.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The first one I opened was labeled, “Lawrence Saint - Formula and Ingredients”. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">It contained envelopes and small bottles of chemicals. Theoretically, one could recreate Saint’s colors from these materials. Most glass makers’ recipes were closely guarded secrets, but Saint wanted his formulas to be preserved in the event that his windows needed to be restored in the future. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLAVf8i77Qm1QQ5PyQe0RVbXfH6YuAd3A-4T1miBDAMJx89x6Z0Gb1ebPRW7EY3_oufp5BXlZ-ZMI7XW4DgF4KM2R50BtMLFPgjSBsoK6KHNY_cTx0Cg-8z94SRt-hO-aQh6C1A5amPvo/s1600/seeing_red109.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLAVf8i77Qm1QQ5PyQe0RVbXfH6YuAd3A-4T1miBDAMJx89x6Z0Gb1ebPRW7EY3_oufp5BXlZ-ZMI7XW4DgF4KM2R50BtMLFPgjSBsoK6KHNY_cTx0Cg-8z94SRt-hO-aQh6C1A5amPvo/s320/seeing_red109.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0V3nw1pGtYBpGPVt03L43ZnwFqg5o59sGO39TfjyYJ6GoBfz9Qsj4whSgbUniJC6ft-UwSagjrMX5uB59YwszNpYV8ahF5kBJmUrUWLKOkEck9h79aOO0oPxFhLCYC4vB4j0byqu7LjA/s1600/seeing_red108.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0V3nw1pGtYBpGPVt03L43ZnwFqg5o59sGO39TfjyYJ6GoBfz9Qsj4whSgbUniJC6ft-UwSagjrMX5uB59YwszNpYV8ahF5kBJmUrUWLKOkEck9h79aOO0oPxFhLCYC4vB4j0byqu7LjA/s320/seeing_red108.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh74a3-mnk_OzxVgYeKOUN5_V6CMR41qtwv6d0WS1ciTvt2Pkxw0AQSeRW-PbZquAFwH_hDPAq-wBWSJTIEhPJd9yuU_q2_nCztDBTjd_7TjRL7e-pRNE9LSWBa54FMHTFXDPbsyi_-kaM/s1600/seeing_red110.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh74a3-mnk_OzxVgYeKOUN5_V6CMR41qtwv6d0WS1ciTvt2Pkxw0AQSeRW-PbZquAFwH_hDPAq-wBWSJTIEhPJd9yuU_q2_nCztDBTjd_7TjRL7e-pRNE9LSWBa54FMHTFXDPbsyi_-kaM/s320/seeing_red110.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-33331204808422911532011-07-30T07:23:00.000-07:002011-07-30T07:23:37.546-07:00Page 25: The 1972 Flood<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcLYiJCtKc5nsoTaq_e_hkeYmMfFZMHmZGuW369AEONFW-AaLBF-NV-0OjvdtBPUnNR-DywGftM4lR7WFvnEJSPDPcMHfqKAhODnrjJSAXJ_zaTWaY3HmM5ltAWjPHIbYyHFD7vmR3uKk/s1600/seeing_red103.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcLYiJCtKc5nsoTaq_e_hkeYmMfFZMHmZGuW369AEONFW-AaLBF-NV-0OjvdtBPUnNR-DywGftM4lR7WFvnEJSPDPcMHfqKAhODnrjJSAXJ_zaTWaY3HmM5ltAWjPHIbYyHFD7vmR3uKk/s320/seeing_red103.jpg" width="290" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Let me say a few words about this flood. In 1972, Hurricane Agnes took an inland route, combined with a mid latitude cyclone track and stalled over western <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state> for 5 days. The immense volume of rain broke all former records and caused the river that flows through <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Corning</st1:city></st1:place> to overflow its banks. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-RyHop-qphWYWOC8vgrEzoYVki3DQbcXvE82AP6uLHitLS8zHIeknPdf0M08R_vYm4rrvYdupaDSNFXrbPUR2m6s4a39V97eft35lEV3JtedevdPhGb82owUYLZ2FtfNA85UKnuqoTMQ/s1600/seeing_red105.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-RyHop-qphWYWOC8vgrEzoYVki3DQbcXvE82AP6uLHitLS8zHIeknPdf0M08R_vYm4rrvYdupaDSNFXrbPUR2m6s4a39V97eft35lEV3JtedevdPhGb82owUYLZ2FtfNA85UKnuqoTMQ/s320/seeing_red105.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">courtesy CMG</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2_kUZcsb_aJozsl3UouAs7Y11LhxCiCv8npmf_mPXXQFEpK9ZDOBCyEr_EVh2_Sgc-4TWsQMVwzEBgDVJcllTJGm9y8sgXskGH3zWo5VpgmnRnj-J66ceR5tdcM67hzZYtha233SVWG4/s1600/seeing_red104.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2_kUZcsb_aJozsl3UouAs7Y11LhxCiCv8npmf_mPXXQFEpK9ZDOBCyEr_EVh2_Sgc-4TWsQMVwzEBgDVJcllTJGm9y8sgXskGH3zWo5VpgmnRnj-J66ceR5tdcM67hzZYtha233SVWG4/s320/seeing_red104.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">courtesy CMG</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The water level reached 5 feet high – on the second floor of the museum! Because of this <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lawrence</st1:place></st1:city> Saint’s materials were submerged. When the water receded the materials were dried out and put in storage but they remained unopened until the day I looked through them. </span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-57940840583900118472011-07-30T07:19:00.000-07:002011-07-30T07:19:06.028-07:00Page 24: Return to Corning<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9jdAW_oFmzCVlcgRHq63HyeqdCoAJaCFuEjeENXe_I6eI6tnw1DjSeyzTqmpJ9QKvcbZFPkGrEqMl7kW4VwxyLyq8vihmO245p784RmG_wIMHmwjyTOWFy20YuADvYC0l5Dj7mh2Vc8/s1600/seeing_red100.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9jdAW_oFmzCVlcgRHq63HyeqdCoAJaCFuEjeENXe_I6eI6tnw1DjSeyzTqmpJ9QKvcbZFPkGrEqMl7kW4VwxyLyq8vihmO245p784RmG_wIMHmwjyTOWFy20YuADvYC0l5Dj7mh2Vc8/s320/seeing_red100.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Armed with this evidence, I decided to try my luck at Corning again. I began diplomatically, by saying, “I understand that you had a flood and that the paper records probably got ruined, but you’re the Corning Museum of Glass; surely you didn’t throw out the glass pieces, right?” </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUGO8BEOh8yGup9V60J8DJe7y8H35zi3tM4w2U3kNYnFgnUMrVwm_8pQAAhBZ4nUY5_fexWqMyKz1NQEgWQ5rMFzq7kMoQwIIioG4xCEYoAAOUDhBdK90zJ4Xhk_0rqbIDHyZSFusDvzU/s1600/seeing_red101.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUGO8BEOh8yGup9V60J8DJe7y8H35zi3tM4w2U3kNYnFgnUMrVwm_8pQAAhBZ4nUY5_fexWqMyKz1NQEgWQ5rMFzq7kMoQwIIioG4xCEYoAAOUDhBdK90zJ4Xhk_0rqbIDHyZSFusDvzU/s320/seeing_red101.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This time I was directed to Warren Bunn, the Registrar. He said, “Well, actually in our off-site storage facility we do have some metal boxes, covered with dried mud, which are labeled Lawrence Saint and have not been opened since the flood of 1972. I’d be happy to go through them with you – since perhaps you can tell us what’s in them.” It is at this moment I realized I was the Lawrence Saint expert!</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDD7e8EZXaGM2Gd59wfI3RMZzQYaDpXDGBDorLiWio788We7sCGUD0VbsPcoRrsp5_38KT_k-ezNFxFlS3KOclI5KRVTgK_NbR6Q6V1XBKWj_TYveTGrGlMvmyiZrm_j8mcWw9opymW9E/s1600/seeing_red102.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDD7e8EZXaGM2Gd59wfI3RMZzQYaDpXDGBDorLiWio788We7sCGUD0VbsPcoRrsp5_38KT_k-ezNFxFlS3KOclI5KRVTgK_NbR6Q6V1XBKWj_TYveTGrGlMvmyiZrm_j8mcWw9opymW9E/s320/seeing_red102.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-91262598756290375302011-07-30T07:14:00.000-07:002011-07-30T07:14:30.488-07:00Page 23: The Saint Family Reunion<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7NvWnxaT-b1NKRzi74wKlZZNZpUGs9n2LlWfk5HPa0BrnX2dDJ7oJDl_fQXL7VAsvVuDcKei14ysMGtPTgai9UHD-GhnjJvS2yfyoYu3_JO-zEBJ1P6ONvrCw0eKncL17GODV57S9CHw/s1600/seeing_red094.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7NvWnxaT-b1NKRzi74wKlZZNZpUGs9n2LlWfk5HPa0BrnX2dDJ7oJDl_fQXL7VAsvVuDcKei14ysMGtPTgai9UHD-GhnjJvS2yfyoYu3_JO-zEBJ1P6ONvrCw0eKncL17GODV57S9CHw/s320/seeing_red094.jpg" width="190" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Meanwhile, during this period I had been corresponding with some of Lawrence Saint’s descendants. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_izTN0P0DUidmw3A0UH35wmlmMrsGLG2l0ksyisWfB752XQfw7Osrak0iqXQOYMVDfKamwOP1iJeGaKW4BXMCUAedxYdfJmRWZy2T5HP3H-k4eXASX3IEPsU6Y56oLiz5DtClgAjEppI/s1600/seeing_red095.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_izTN0P0DUidmw3A0UH35wmlmMrsGLG2l0ksyisWfB752XQfw7Osrak0iqXQOYMVDfKamwOP1iJeGaKW4BXMCUAedxYdfJmRWZy2T5HP3H-k4eXASX3IEPsU6Y56oLiz5DtClgAjEppI/s320/seeing_red095.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt5zwUnDy8AflKjzJwIWBaBhYeiQ6F1uPT7YdRwdXNL_rHkSl6W37Zj5tbnxgCUTPjPKGNaZv3vebBXNCPmx7ovs6_hdcH2Mg8SgU1LV0kQQpCk62th-6pAUFEiKGuivv5NKb1D_8L6fI/s1600/seeing_red096.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt5zwUnDy8AflKjzJwIWBaBhYeiQ6F1uPT7YdRwdXNL_rHkSl6W37Zj5tbnxgCUTPjPKGNaZv3vebBXNCPmx7ovs6_hdcH2Mg8SgU1LV0kQQpCk62th-6pAUFEiKGuivv5NKb1D_8L6fI/s320/seeing_red096.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">They planned a family reunion in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Pennsylvania</st1:place></st1:state> and I arranged to have them meet me in Bryn Athyn to see the Saint materials I uncovered in the Glencairn archives. Saint’s grandchildren, who are missionaries living in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Guatemala</st1:place></st1:country-region> accepted my invitation. I asked if they had any samples of glass and if they would they bring them to show me. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUpcKHlfMD0bd0g2YGD5tOHujxgwROYkqB0THRmr0Xc_TAmDuv-UaF7n9e28hDLL2MusI_7OS_Pl1m2tt7UzekKEBMswU0g0WzWZVfR8IOtA2l9uTKTKtipx8N_HldOa55PJd1PL_X7xE/s1600/seeing_red097.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUpcKHlfMD0bd0g2YGD5tOHujxgwROYkqB0THRmr0Xc_TAmDuv-UaF7n9e28hDLL2MusI_7OS_Pl1m2tt7UzekKEBMswU0g0WzWZVfR8IOtA2l9uTKTKtipx8N_HldOa55PJd1PL_X7xE/s320/seeing_red097.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Disappointingly, what they produced was a sample of Saint’s striated red about the size of a nickel which had been made into a heart shaped charm – given to each of the girls as a gift from Saint’s wife. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsumExO6VvOgJj5HFYG_JvMBfEs9X5yQiMv2LiNEngpRxsygOBvmXU67tMnGWWBoCty7QGDu6N7qWf4IvhaSQuI6O2y-lwpu_wptMYpw4kfWUgZ1ulHBK3Dzra6lI2XeWn1BV5Fy3yKP0/s1600/seeing_red098.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsumExO6VvOgJj5HFYG_JvMBfEs9X5yQiMv2LiNEngpRxsygOBvmXU67tMnGWWBoCty7QGDu6N7qWf4IvhaSQuI6O2y-lwpu_wptMYpw4kfWUgZ1ulHBK3Dzra6lI2XeWn1BV5Fy3yKP0/s320/seeing_red098.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">They also showed me two roundels that came from Saint’s factory which they referred to as “formula plates”. With a diamond, each had been inscribed with a 3-digit number and the promise: “the formula for this color is in the Corning Museum of Glass”!</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQS-7KcgRUqgb0u0AUyiTKJ8llj5tUtWf0hzYegJpy2wxDI2Eaerh_LYnY43Z2fzGY12OAKdyVYyaRDDnlJkmpZyS6trTXsO7Qto6qtB-VEutmlTXuvlSSpXlfSZTz7pEa1KuhdYrcMsg/s1600/seeing_red099.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQS-7KcgRUqgb0u0AUyiTKJ8llj5tUtWf0hzYegJpy2wxDI2Eaerh_LYnY43Z2fzGY12OAKdyVYyaRDDnlJkmpZyS6trTXsO7Qto6qtB-VEutmlTXuvlSSpXlfSZTz7pEa1KuhdYrcMsg/s320/seeing_red099.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-65835488043830036672011-07-30T07:03:00.000-07:002011-07-30T07:03:56.011-07:00Page 22: The Complete Red Formula<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbfCbaCJEUBdb1cl2vwAFoaBhiv_NCYA_atbuXMMFHTkm7RZgd8g2VjckIdMuu28M7XM8sdV4Xa87zfYkas4PyJIE1gF7GGnMkLLMOwAy5o4TrKlP6Rz2LHucWJRXQXF7U3iU96ouqp_g/s1600/seeing_red092.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbfCbaCJEUBdb1cl2vwAFoaBhiv_NCYA_atbuXMMFHTkm7RZgd8g2VjckIdMuu28M7XM8sdV4Xa87zfYkas4PyJIE1gF7GGnMkLLMOwAy5o4TrKlP6Rz2LHucWJRXQXF7U3iU96ouqp_g/s320/seeing_red092.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">I didn’t leave empty handed. In one of the last envelopes I found a file folder marked “Complete Red Formula”. It was about 18 pages long! What I now know is that it is not a matter of simply having the recipe but you must also know how the glass was worked by the gaffer. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWzbSYGbodfP94V1U2FUhyphenhyphenJnneT_opMZ67vzWI8hEz2-mKkq5VSeZ0cfP1Y-94w2oky6_3cYNbNaddPC63pHSfJhl1WG9nQHX69h6U8TF-butHkRySyY7S30ypdfEM-K3ILr3a8cWk2DE/s1600/seeing_red093.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWzbSYGbodfP94V1U2FUhyphenhyphenJnneT_opMZ67vzWI8hEz2-mKkq5VSeZ0cfP1Y-94w2oky6_3cYNbNaddPC63pHSfJhl1WG9nQHX69h6U8TF-butHkRySyY7S30ypdfEM-K3ILr3a8cWk2DE/s320/seeing_red093.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Saint’s formula required a furnace with 4 crucibles. Two of them held a mixture of “green white” – basically a clear glass with a green cast. Another contained a glass to which yellow “flowers of Sulfur” had been added and the final was a red made by the addition of “Copper scales”. The procedure was to melt these, then take the yellow, ladle it into the red and stir it 100 times. The glass blower would form his bubble from a series of small gathers, first in the clear, then in the red in a succession of 5 dips ending in clear. Stirring would ensure that the layers of red were streaky and casing with clear would prevent the color from being too dark.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-24193123886491584782011-07-30T07:00:00.000-07:002011-07-30T08:06:23.893-07:00Page 21: A Few Early Reds<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWA9xS9Pa3RvCmIQDJg3LwMZCX_CYL1IoYJ2L-WKxTnxsB3j9O6WUZHs1s6f9dXOqrFi0vGoE4hdbHyu9Aj8FCAWlkub_LZ7UjFbKIaKiuEOMvvS9eZLxJ3rMXnxkbeFgFCH_mjaRDjx4/s1600/seeing_red086.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWA9xS9Pa3RvCmIQDJg3LwMZCX_CYL1IoYJ2L-WKxTnxsB3j9O6WUZHs1s6f9dXOqrFi0vGoE4hdbHyu9Aj8FCAWlkub_LZ7UjFbKIaKiuEOMvvS9eZLxJ3rMXnxkbeFgFCH_mjaRDjx4/s320/seeing_red086.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">Finally in the last box I found 4 small pieces of beautiful streaky reds, but the dates on the corresponding formulas indicated that these were early experimental reds and not Saint’s final mature formula. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI1gDd05oY4fPjE7D850UkdSJTuKlZpjupDG5aNoZMyHPDqDROHilyyar8hB4hlXli6brz4XNa9VqS2RNAdgioT833UAkufO9UXszSMcF4vohE0P3O3687v26uPK6G3A7WolFOCsgErVs/s1600/seeing_red089.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI1gDd05oY4fPjE7D850UkdSJTuKlZpjupDG5aNoZMyHPDqDROHilyyar8hB4hlXli6brz4XNa9VqS2RNAdgioT833UAkufO9UXszSMcF4vohE0P3O3687v26uPK6G3A7WolFOCsgErVs/s320/seeing_red089.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZflRuJQqsmQFKPT4tqfynOSBN_5U9_uWzBuwXq88z9ouO-E1Ipenf5TDbe_MC5W5i1ozJDGF6Y9a5gN8qq9hhs-wF38cX11jUIMCGXeJZuM_Re3Uf9GhnX5ou7tujRAuLTwcg2h99Xhc/s1600/seeing_red090.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZflRuJQqsmQFKPT4tqfynOSBN_5U9_uWzBuwXq88z9ouO-E1Ipenf5TDbe_MC5W5i1ozJDGF6Y9a5gN8qq9hhs-wF38cX11jUIMCGXeJZuM_Re3Uf9GhnX5ou7tujRAuLTwcg2h99Xhc/s320/seeing_red090.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-zl9hHdOpFT_CPOTgSUl3Wgi7vXcLFOS-Q49R-hMC4tZcEEn16ArFNYIBKU_G68_K8z-mj1jhysZS90Pz1nq0vGJL-e4HDdMhFy6-IQspjcsPOd23idmZhaBBSlYV2JQznYphLEzL2fg/s1600/seeing_red087.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-zl9hHdOpFT_CPOTgSUl3Wgi7vXcLFOS-Q49R-hMC4tZcEEn16ArFNYIBKU_G68_K8z-mj1jhysZS90Pz1nq0vGJL-e4HDdMhFy6-IQspjcsPOd23idmZhaBBSlYV2JQznYphLEzL2fg/s320/seeing_red087.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE2FuVRl6JFZJus6kTD8Y27byXqg-uVeyD7E_flcx411LHkbWTQ3EBRC8a0jaeK6Z4s1pfH-MIPCM-L9FH1d22jE4aZamVVvm5EI5gsZqhAWUvGNvT3ou7aLMC-gFSG9qz-UgwtD2DS8c/s1600/seeing_red088.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE2FuVRl6JFZJus6kTD8Y27byXqg-uVeyD7E_flcx411LHkbWTQ3EBRC8a0jaeK6Z4s1pfH-MIPCM-L9FH1d22jE4aZamVVvm5EI5gsZqhAWUvGNvT3ou7aLMC-gFSG9qz-UgwtD2DS8c/s320/seeing_red088.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">These samples were dated 1929 which is one year after Saint received his commission for the windows at the National Cathedral. Saint’s hot shop was built in 1928 and, apparently, he was already making a striated red by 1929. Compare this to the Bryn Athyn Glassworks where Raymond Pitcairn worked with Larson from 1916 to 1922 and Ariel Gunther continued to improve the formula even after that.</div>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-1863614769010320982011-07-30T06:02:00.000-07:002011-07-30T06:02:39.332-07:00Page 20: The Missing Reds<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCsCAhp_5ORaMEEi8o0WTYZlxMgqGXIelnxrq-irY5K6nnaFOro_C6_uR3Tn2y_pboSlejulOwM4a_rN2-hqiKSQzsL6slNDTyOp4tCwa5Goog1rTOYIPr8AI5-UtDnhIPBDhb0C5x1nY/s1600/seeing_red077.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCsCAhp_5ORaMEEi8o0WTYZlxMgqGXIelnxrq-irY5K6nnaFOro_C6_uR3Tn2y_pboSlejulOwM4a_rN2-hqiKSQzsL6slNDTyOp4tCwa5Goog1rTOYIPr8AI5-UtDnhIPBDhb0C5x1nY/s320/seeing_red077.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">After finding a written formula for “Red Glass”, I turned my attention to the matching envelope which would finally yield a sample of Saint’s red. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-EAjl-dXYAihK8e-u9cHN1Px7cAukz5ah6lxZo05L-SgT9qVxq-0QJ1rwP3uq1-TRmmDs8Lq1EVvwrgxqbgqP7j93_RaCQOlxuepAcpGAq64k5isV39Jk4zXcoeOM8TQfghV-AqpQne0/s1600/seeing_red078.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-EAjl-dXYAihK8e-u9cHN1Px7cAukz5ah6lxZo05L-SgT9qVxq-0QJ1rwP3uq1-TRmmDs8Lq1EVvwrgxqbgqP7j93_RaCQOlxuepAcpGAq64k5isV39Jk4zXcoeOM8TQfghV-AqpQne0/s320/seeing_red078.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The envelope was marked as containing one sample of red, one sample of greenish white, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one sample of pale blue, one sample of “slightly hot” flesh (draw your own conclusion here!), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one sample of saffron yellow and a brown. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnR2Aw6XY1VazCfJk2f3pBRn2Vhk3x2H4FCDzAKCkYCW6lf1_kx-6bBXsZdM4iQtcj3r3ad7RDV2lqwi03OLWxXiy9FHFCA0xXV6OJzAAvhSPkIJ7Cph1w6eW0nZiaiorFyvAw8IP5uvU/s1600/seeing_red079.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnR2Aw6XY1VazCfJk2f3pBRn2Vhk3x2H4FCDzAKCkYCW6lf1_kx-6bBXsZdM4iQtcj3r3ad7RDV2lqwi03OLWxXiy9FHFCA0xXV6OJzAAvhSPkIJ7Cph1w6eW0nZiaiorFyvAw8IP5uvU/s320/seeing_red079.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In fact, the envelope contained only 5 pieces of glass – all samples as promised - except the red.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2xuxFW1JzGktfupRPpmvv1ENELfvDkR-PqWyluzb1lb9ZfgClO1SVBRKVqb_4MP7H0vCUi81KyhQM1ubVdFTIMBA0lto7bM9Wvj5ROAb0TeomFFb4wJMXcmhp7coOZTykqS80JDoIUY/s1600/seeing_red083.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2xuxFW1JzGktfupRPpmvv1ENELfvDkR-PqWyluzb1lb9ZfgClO1SVBRKVqb_4MP7H0vCUi81KyhQM1ubVdFTIMBA0lto7bM9Wvj5ROAb0TeomFFb4wJMXcmhp7coOZTykqS80JDoIUY/s320/seeing_red083.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBaRpJ-I8Yu__4tcVNRFRUSCZy1MFFyaU4-1rL1U-r8uzmDjICJR297QQjrjUNNEAMYIiaYlvmaTHwDV9k432rj6efEQtGEFVzb8HGvsSqHPipmnlyRL0NxQVnYnJJHmMMMwVVWfwnndM/s1600/seeing_red081.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBaRpJ-I8Yu__4tcVNRFRUSCZy1MFFyaU4-1rL1U-r8uzmDjICJR297QQjrjUNNEAMYIiaYlvmaTHwDV9k432rj6efEQtGEFVzb8HGvsSqHPipmnlyRL0NxQVnYnJJHmMMMwVVWfwnndM/s320/seeing_red081.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">I went through the complete collection, 29 boxes of envelopes, and separated them into colors: blues, greens, purples, tawny browns, flesh, saffron yellow, clears and reds. In each case every color was there, except the reds! </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JhRoqHpxQgjgJFIbxVXwPOMmUGOTGITvoXskyd0tgqb_M-yN-bcirBfbOXfoS-UQar-tzkeOKpEoc5goklZKJLzmY2RSmVLlrZ-Dr1CYDhl-jVDFq-yNmzXtUppYanZClLZndZZG6H0/s1600/seeing_red082.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JhRoqHpxQgjgJFIbxVXwPOMmUGOTGITvoXskyd0tgqb_M-yN-bcirBfbOXfoS-UQar-tzkeOKpEoc5goklZKJLzmY2RSmVLlrZ-Dr1CYDhl-jVDFq-yNmzXtUppYanZClLZndZZG6H0/s320/seeing_red082.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-32854109676411281422011-07-30T05:54:00.000-07:002011-07-30T05:54:07.253-07:00Page 19: Saint's Formulas<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbBwD5byuog8E7wkVtOgqdxATJSq-LhyphenhyphenUrc_Fv6fHBMvUFztm2y2XnT7oqFbevZ9zROXo22Mdm0TZOqeLBkcrV8b9Pl9wZiyXQm_ECm8DRz_MQKC2kEzw5Gc_TyzyLRNkdFGo56NkcOSU/s1600/seeing_red069.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbBwD5byuog8E7wkVtOgqdxATJSq-LhyphenhyphenUrc_Fv6fHBMvUFztm2y2XnT7oqFbevZ9zROXo22Mdm0TZOqeLBkcrV8b9Pl9wZiyXQm_ECm8DRz_MQKC2kEzw5Gc_TyzyLRNkdFGo56NkcOSU/s320/seeing_red069.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">I was greeted enthusiastically by a research assistant who said, “I’m thrilled to show you these materials because as far back as our records go, no one has ever asked to see them before!” Almost as an afterthought she added, “And it’s our only collection that is radio-active!” That’s right: RADIOACTIVE! </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDccx5QD7m9MKCrjrVnUb1ZkdyDCCZ_nYLjnyFMRiDzNtJaDMHuWO6M-ieveiX2vgSFcsipDdDib1aJBgXbJAfLGzTkaQ9-BkW9WdiGfaiS6VzYzzozj1OzjP0WlxasQijnBYmVxjtaG4/s1600/seeing_red070.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDccx5QD7m9MKCrjrVnUb1ZkdyDCCZ_nYLjnyFMRiDzNtJaDMHuWO6M-ieveiX2vgSFcsipDdDib1aJBgXbJAfLGzTkaQ9-BkW9WdiGfaiS6VzYzzozj1OzjP0WlxasQijnBYmVxjtaG4/s320/seeing_red070.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This was never fully explained; perhaps Saint was experimenting with uranium glass among his other formulas. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA6Ndh6X3VckhyphenhyphenWejWczTk09RtCId2ToHHb_f2RrRze1NUZUQD6xWS-py1mJ3BQBf5gtEczTYv_poccvTOQOW6_Wx9WMQA7dWQJVHrzbC7lybd-mT0R0pUBsDI3WR3KC0bJmtvIThi4YE/s1600/seeing_red071.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA6Ndh6X3VckhyphenhyphenWejWczTk09RtCId2ToHHb_f2RrRze1NUZUQD6xWS-py1mJ3BQBf5gtEczTYv_poccvTOQOW6_Wx9WMQA7dWQJVHrzbC7lybd-mT0R0pUBsDI3WR3KC0bJmtvIThi4YE/s320/seeing_red071.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">What the collection actually consisted of were 29 boxes of paired envelopes, one envelope containing the typewritten formula for the glass that was melted on a specific day and a corresponding envelope with a physical sample of the glass obtained. This collection was reported to contain 800 glass formulas. Compared to the scanty formulas from of the Bryn Athyn daybooks – Saint’s records read like a science log. Each formula was about 4 pages long. Not only were the ingredients in the batch listed, but Saint recorded such minutia as: what time the furnace was turned on, the rate at which it was heated, how much fuel was consumed and how many sheets the tank produced that day. Even the number of gathers the gaffer took for each sheet was documented.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqyEVYOWO4UFMxw0iLJhHeU5ddC1gEjofltnzxQCVrk6WwLXas_uktlQXbm8xGaCtIRNBQ2CUcZTf-GvXOQne8SOrLQZ-k7J6ikRBq6Zn2bdDZAkYnc8Vf4dhz8YJWtz3OOiT__43BTIc/s1600/seeing_red074.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqyEVYOWO4UFMxw0iLJhHeU5ddC1gEjofltnzxQCVrk6WwLXas_uktlQXbm8xGaCtIRNBQ2CUcZTf-GvXOQne8SOrLQZ-k7J6ikRBq6Zn2bdDZAkYnc8Vf4dhz8YJWtz3OOiT__43BTIc/s320/seeing_red074.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtvlF-THNNR4a6oBqaAbKpqGQraC6gAfj-6mIpHTxqRfLuYSFSr2zY3WDUdV5BvusmMaiil1x2zi3OSVU8BV-i8kjDgAIYIpTXdKWMNtrGGnomjTt440Qza7iaWj8Hao63U0MAKlpgp8/s1600/seeing_red075.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtvlF-THNNR4a6oBqaAbKpqGQraC6gAfj-6mIpHTxqRfLuYSFSr2zY3WDUdV5BvusmMaiil1x2zi3OSVU8BV-i8kjDgAIYIpTXdKWMNtrGGnomjTt440Qza7iaWj8Hao63U0MAKlpgp8/s320/seeing_red075.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-18306985490725592572011-07-30T05:46:00.000-07:002011-07-30T05:46:53.087-07:00Page 18: "Collection 90"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPuJXM4vQ4p046kpmKm9kzwv6BBSOMPIPuAi6GA96jgiSVbiim802ski_M7p8yYNYxCuHjDjJniENzzqu2vCYlYO40qgTUopyI1-0jCWqel18lU9iML3AhSMAHQ3QwXlecLdrLuv5UYY8/s1600/seeing_red062.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPuJXM4vQ4p046kpmKm9kzwv6BBSOMPIPuAi6GA96jgiSVbiim802ski_M7p8yYNYxCuHjDjJniENzzqu2vCYlYO40qgTUopyI1-0jCWqel18lU9iML3AhSMAHQ3QwXlecLdrLuv5UYY8/s320/seeing_red062.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">Her extremely helpful bibliography led me to the Smithsonian Institution. The records showed that in 1977 the Washington National Cathedral Archives gave their collection of Lawrence Saint formulas and glass samples to the Smithsonian Institution where it became part of the National Museum of American History. It was later moved to the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st="on">Support</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place> where it became designated simply as: “Collection 90”. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30Qai6S-OmR4a3mL-ImY30030bs18G08J5IruXv_iHrtYzFe0GJGfuv2xkk-OpAnD44oKLubBw9y5sUW4PuCc75SyuKx183HOwinvgtnAsck7YdrTsTPgWJCQRRqkg3YV5X1MEQHx44E/s1600/seeing_red063.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30Qai6S-OmR4a3mL-ImY30030bs18G08J5IruXv_iHrtYzFe0GJGfuv2xkk-OpAnD44oKLubBw9y5sUW4PuCc75SyuKx183HOwinvgtnAsck7YdrTsTPgWJCQRRqkg3YV5X1MEQHx44E/s320/seeing_red063.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal">Collection 90 is stored at the Silver Hill Facility which is the off-site storage of the National Museum of American History. I made arrangements to go down and see these materials. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeOH_XaRfI7LNmeNMXdqUzVPbicXGXSN4IrcOf-dRtPF1Xpd9UCY4XwnhcDJPwNuGv1YTXyAx7Yhoc981w8ICBRyL0QJplaVoPAtAui0nJ4JAe3s6VLI-ZAI0yApKsHXvzs7qYhFvWPAc/s1600/seeing_red064.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeOH_XaRfI7LNmeNMXdqUzVPbicXGXSN4IrcOf-dRtPF1Xpd9UCY4XwnhcDJPwNuGv1YTXyAx7Yhoc981w8ICBRyL0QJplaVoPAtAui0nJ4JAe3s6VLI-ZAI0yApKsHXvzs7qYhFvWPAc/s320/seeing_red064.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">What awaited me was an ultra secure, high tech storage facility. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLG5ZOqTaQNHy6pSjtJ5nS21egnKWQGUDmlwiOB4QqZtjMmott7pBl0ZDmllm-O-v9aGkypEdm2jhdp39ycfFJf66CCrT3OCAnBN7QaeG2mXKsr82UUxZfur70y0nCU-ZOgi23dWsGdUg/s1600/seeing_red065.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLG5ZOqTaQNHy6pSjtJ5nS21egnKWQGUDmlwiOB4QqZtjMmott7pBl0ZDmllm-O-v9aGkypEdm2jhdp39ycfFJf66CCrT3OCAnBN7QaeG2mXKsr82UUxZfur70y0nCU-ZOgi23dWsGdUg/s320/seeing_red065.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">Of course, you’re thinking the same thing I was, “This is where they keep the Ark of the Covenant, right?”</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpEcnjddFwrbrFx5oO0W96wm9IGopYnTHoz1V9UynegiBe4jS8fadsDDllgZ1we-_XOCHAVEwc3y7y8uVc4CCgr0ewi8QlUkQsUipS9HIbXwgjufG4bN_p7hctkb_8O4mLQGEhAkxDrQU/s1600/seeing_red066.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpEcnjddFwrbrFx5oO0W96wm9IGopYnTHoz1V9UynegiBe4jS8fadsDDllgZ1we-_XOCHAVEwc3y7y8uVc4CCgr0ewi8QlUkQsUipS9HIbXwgjufG4bN_p7hctkb_8O4mLQGEhAkxDrQU/s320/seeing_red066.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgHxH-r61ZIJebyS9hO7IzDPjjBnUxabW_jQbeaOQ3_v5zJgnnmSYVOScOb0cTMXC2a-jwXZoUGGEW8o7BXNNSNjJLnzSUvWI4-o44d-lbObsSpVsmWa1yfZ0HgtPCR2mHmYZ-irDUgo/s1600/seeing_red067.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgHxH-r61ZIJebyS9hO7IzDPjjBnUxabW_jQbeaOQ3_v5zJgnnmSYVOScOb0cTMXC2a-jwXZoUGGEW8o7BXNNSNjJLnzSUvWI4-o44d-lbObsSpVsmWa1yfZ0HgtPCR2mHmYZ-irDUgo/s320/seeing_red067.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-4677367311710700442011-07-30T05:14:00.000-07:002011-07-30T07:27:38.535-07:00Page 17: A Bibliography from Corning<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI9uQ9mdfOSdcArSOdE_m-G8KhAdlQKj5q60e8DP2W3ynYGXgDjOoQK1iLIuvc7AH9t4btCmWq9Pc5LXAUeMrvKw7VQlyX6rT-E0jPWnRxho3PwA1QOjq1AQ6abL76LNf2q5CpKfDgZgc/s1600/seeing_red060.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI9uQ9mdfOSdcArSOdE_m-G8KhAdlQKj5q60e8DP2W3ynYGXgDjOoQK1iLIuvc7AH9t4btCmWq9Pc5LXAUeMrvKw7VQlyX6rT-E0jPWnRxho3PwA1QOjq1AQ6abL76LNf2q5CpKfDgZgc/s320/seeing_red060.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Obviously curious, I contacted the Corning Museum of Glass and said; “I’m researching Lawrence Saint. What ever happened to these two station wagon loads full of materials you received from him? I’d really like to see them.” Gail Bardhan, librarian at the Rakow Research Library at </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Corning</st1:place></st1:city></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> wrote back to me and said, “Oh dear, those must have been some of the materials which were lost in the big flood we had back in the 70s. What I do have for you is a bibliography* on Lawrence Saint with a list of materials that you can follow up on.” </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjygcgjU-LFl3-84wqO6WQIafbZxEOap76-4BCe1XnbfmFXlVlz5f88M6qatxpnF1qMWIfkgX1MbhK8U-BHN1xLaz77x4zrHZwHBRZSripVuRPzubJmSK0B6C6mmy28wn0Tb9VDSaG8crU/s1600/seeing_red061.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjygcgjU-LFl3-84wqO6WQIafbZxEOap76-4BCe1XnbfmFXlVlz5f88M6qatxpnF1qMWIfkgX1MbhK8U-BHN1xLaz77x4zrHZwHBRZSripVuRPzubJmSK0B6C6mmy28wn0Tb9VDSaG8crU/s320/seeing_red061.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">*Note: You can view the complete bibliography via a tab on the home page of this blog.</span><br />
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</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-17047817935305232122011-05-29T06:00:00.000-07:002011-05-29T06:00:06.330-07:00Page 16: The Romance of Stained Glass<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHs-H7YEo4AkOIge6BJihq7jnreArowBviaioOP4yZ5eVOR41fZDv-A54rjKawxcF8bmCSwSC8-OyIze6S_zdWfKVZZ98842vgpatIaXSRPwEMoo1fO99GT10vRDWSt_FglO8Wk00Zsks/s1600/seeing_red058.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHs-H7YEo4AkOIge6BJihq7jnreArowBviaioOP4yZ5eVOR41fZDv-A54rjKawxcF8bmCSwSC8-OyIze6S_zdWfKVZZ98842vgpatIaXSRPwEMoo1fO99GT10vRDWSt_FglO8Wk00Zsks/s320/seeing_red058.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">Lawrence Saint died in 1961. His reminiscences remain in his autobiography entitled, “The Romance of Stained Glass” which he self-published in 1959. At the end of the story he writes, “I gave to the Metropolitan Museum of Art two station wagon loads full of all kinds of stained glass materials: sheets of red & roundels, all of my glass formulas, about 1300 of them, and all of the glass paint formulas. This was reaccessioned later, with my approval, to the Corning Museum of Glass.”</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkrZTf3HdU2yXpBDuFHAFLXsMW-SJncWVXXKJ3t7EEz8qr2w-ooXYGtBSFTsycYl52QjM6fkqzLvZt-80L68iqZDADfyHGhgpP5u9WrUc7LlYQFC84Yf0hVu_Zgc914F2a2Rvrc9R2txs/s1600/seeing_red059.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkrZTf3HdU2yXpBDuFHAFLXsMW-SJncWVXXKJ3t7EEz8qr2w-ooXYGtBSFTsycYl52QjM6fkqzLvZt-80L68iqZDADfyHGhgpP5u9WrUc7LlYQFC84Yf0hVu_Zgc914F2a2Rvrc9R2txs/s320/seeing_red059.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-27854586585857961412011-05-22T06:00:00.000-07:002011-05-22T06:00:01.259-07:00Page 15: Saint's Masterpiece - The North Transept Rose<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpMGWeNja1vYfVYpo1yl-HzmBKaWZAOL5YVtY_Z4MlB9aE1sXX3915ZP2qYtLvQGZTHWC36Gj6PRry1IVv2nL9vqIVuN-_bL3kGRxDQK13bmahyphenhyphenlcv1hK2KMdKYCFkWIm5_F-9syLIN3Y/s1600/seeing_red057.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpMGWeNja1vYfVYpo1yl-HzmBKaWZAOL5YVtY_Z4MlB9aE1sXX3915ZP2qYtLvQGZTHWC36Gj6PRry1IVv2nL9vqIVuN-_bL3kGRxDQK13bmahyphenhyphenlcv1hK2KMdKYCFkWIm5_F-9syLIN3Y/s320/seeing_red057.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Saint considered his masterpiece to be the North transept rose window at the National Cathedral which he created in 1932. Saint continued on at the National Cathedral until 1936 when the project ran out of funds at which point, suffering burnout Saint retired from stained glass altogether. The Cathedral decided to dismantle the "Division of Stained Glass" and gave title of the glass house, which had been built on his property to Saint in severance. The height of his life’s work was the creation of the windows for the National Cathedral.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
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</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-23607154790595333182011-05-15T06:00:00.000-07:002011-05-15T06:00:02.917-07:00Page 14: Saint's Hot Shop<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOQHbjaIxnbUJ_B751_ykQ5qlgTDVStmi7bdraMrWqcSK_cE4839ltzq-AnyiB0sDtW4lbSjZanEvILNzodUdwKbGa4dj9ahutK6_75wqBbyk06842e64c7Rg7DfENkCF6TGuW6mFosY/s1600/seeing_red053.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOQHbjaIxnbUJ_B751_ykQ5qlgTDVStmi7bdraMrWqcSK_cE4839ltzq-AnyiB0sDtW4lbSjZanEvILNzodUdwKbGa4dj9ahutK6_75wqBbyk06842e64c7Rg7DfENkCF6TGuW6mFosY/s320/seeing_red053.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">I had been under the assumption that Saint worked in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Washington</st1:place></st1:state> during the cathedral project. I was shocked to discover that his home, studio and hot shop depicted in the photographs from the National Cathedral archives were actually located less than 1/2 mile away from Bryn Athyn Cathedral and that the buildings were still in existence! </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFr-Ha0VUj5TfT5lZwZoL31wVK22QNAhzeQPkUikC8nYRKLy6vjQ7PR8r20btcNliweoxbEfey3f3RGLYaipZ4N1JqWQI8wBmN17gsYYo46t4skK5ZS8V-2mIW0ZDT6NPmZBPkwcHjGpI/s1600/seeing_red056.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFr-Ha0VUj5TfT5lZwZoL31wVK22QNAhzeQPkUikC8nYRKLy6vjQ7PR8r20btcNliweoxbEfey3f3RGLYaipZ4N1JqWQI8wBmN17gsYYo46t4skK5ZS8V-2mIW0ZDT6NPmZBPkwcHjGpI/s320/seeing_red056.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The letterhead from Lawrence Saint’s studio read: “Washington National Cathedral, Department of Stained Glass, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Huntington Valley</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">PA</st1:state></st1:place>”. All the glass for Saint’s windows at the National Cathedral had been made within walking distance of the Bryn Athyn Glassworks. I made one final connection – David Smith, the Swedish glass blower from Bryn Athyn lived in a house that backed up to Lawrence Saint’s own property. Is it possible that the success of Saint’s glass was due in part to conversations which occurred between two Swedish glass blowers (David Smith and Gus Erikson) over the back fence?</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-18333852662560777022011-05-08T06:00:00.000-07:002011-05-08T06:00:10.182-07:00Page 13: Archives of the National Cathedral<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8A3wqIa7Sbqbw6qxDk0UMYWfBh4KLqom4i2Cv7Fuusg4LeUZcvMQOMKDlNxhn_HSHzLQe5DyjOzvXp2HURGk2uU4kqlK_4H0ywFrKp5rbYevV_I-7HErbe0eUYM4tc6cXlM8wWgfPiSI/s1600/seeing_red050.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8A3wqIa7Sbqbw6qxDk0UMYWfBh4KLqom4i2Cv7Fuusg4LeUZcvMQOMKDlNxhn_HSHzLQe5DyjOzvXp2HURGk2uU4kqlK_4H0ywFrKp5rbYevV_I-7HErbe0eUYM4tc6cXlM8wWgfPiSI/s320/seeing_red050.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">Following his trail led me to the archives of the National Cathedral where I was able to find some rare photographs of Lawrence Saint working within his studio. His glass racks appear lining one wall. With funding from the National Cathedral, Lawrence Saint built a hot shop behind his studio and employed a Swedish glassblower named Gus Erikson to produce sheet glass. All of his colors were made in the roundel method with the exception of the striated red which was made in the muff method because, as he put it, “the striated roundels looked like Fourth of July pinwheels”. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZ1vMblzq7g8wuPHv2qSkVCXuKLSjqlB7J0qWT8u8JEDlDcjdLrKcXOVhlkQwYGm17IevZYkO3K55Y4vIGmlO9q6A0N9_ihyphenhyphenFti4BMARN2tpjE0e85V28ZThQDZ7GDju1-6V1hkpdoeQ/s1600/seeing_red051.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZ1vMblzq7g8wuPHv2qSkVCXuKLSjqlB7J0qWT8u8JEDlDcjdLrKcXOVhlkQwYGm17IevZYkO3K55Y4vIGmlO9q6A0N9_ihyphenhyphenFti4BMARN2tpjE0e85V28ZThQDZ7GDju1-6V1hkpdoeQ/s320/seeing_red051.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Saint had a staff of craftsmen working for him including painters and glazers. He was meticulous in his study of medieval glass. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyOaRqcoEAwspG7nslSlkt6w_4yQEQX38ndGxFfIfrnx2VU-QI7I_WX0Sj7EA9GpbPOnsIEOCyjoVjNojsWFq1478QouWGEa8aQk45Wo1HQyZbib-VRj12zW9-GI7qZAqDUCZKW1fgZSs/s1600/seeing_red052.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyOaRqcoEAwspG7nslSlkt6w_4yQEQX38ndGxFfIfrnx2VU-QI7I_WX0Sj7EA9GpbPOnsIEOCyjoVjNojsWFq1478QouWGEa8aQk45Wo1HQyZbib-VRj12zW9-GI7qZAqDUCZKW1fgZSs/s320/seeing_red052.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">He even sent some medieval samples he had obtained to a lab for chemical analysis. After receiving the commission for the National Cathedral he returned to Europe to study the glass of Leon Cathedral in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Spain</st1:country-region> because it was on the same latitude as <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Washington</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">DC</st1:state></st1:place>. He wanted to compare the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Leon</st1:country-region></st1:place> color palette to the glass he had created. One story recounts that he got into trouble crossing the Spanish border when samples of his own glass were mistaken for medieval originals. The authorities detained him as a smuggler but he was able to show by letters that he was working for the National Cathedral and that he had made the glass in question in his own studio in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8984533731739114195.post-27328273303042012252011-05-01T06:00:00.000-07:002011-05-01T06:00:02.510-07:00Page 12: Lawrence Saint at the National Cathedral<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-XbaOT9BxHFPmJ3yWvsqudfK0lNmw6fYzVItZeVAo26u-PpC4K7tO4Mc3VeospucQk8PEVm8Cl5lHq-2smF2xOfplvurPGF-tuOMWDYX-ibDiHNA5PNPrAwowki4tUPTJpmlyNJbGNRU/s1600/seeing_red048.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-XbaOT9BxHFPmJ3yWvsqudfK0lNmw6fYzVItZeVAo26u-PpC4K7tO4Mc3VeospucQk8PEVm8Cl5lHq-2smF2xOfplvurPGF-tuOMWDYX-ibDiHNA5PNPrAwowki4tUPTJpmlyNJbGNRU/s320/seeing_red048.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Lawrence Saint left the Bryn Athyn project in 1928 and secured a position at the National Cathedral in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Washington</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">DC</st1:state></st1:place>. He worked there until 1936 and was the first head of the stained glass program. In applying for the position he listed among the other skills he could bring to the Washington Cathedral project -- “the ability to make sheet glass in the medieval style.” Undoubtedly, his superiors were aware of his intimate involvement at Bryn Athyn Cathedral. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh09mfwckoSjYllCeSer3Qhad-POgXDHusXV2s4wealzy4rW9aWYraROMYNsNkWhW2miIBPJZR5f7WG_M7VLDAePRmlBnHGVo9Ms9s0hdw8oDYQ3hdo_abke5xr-9IOQVZ5tv2IW9zrfP8/s1600/seeing_red049.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh09mfwckoSjYllCeSer3Qhad-POgXDHusXV2s4wealzy4rW9aWYraROMYNsNkWhW2miIBPJZR5f7WG_M7VLDAePRmlBnHGVo9Ms9s0hdw8oDYQ3hdo_abke5xr-9IOQVZ5tv2IW9zrfP8/s320/seeing_red049.jpg" width="239" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">His series of windows on the Miracles of Christ in the National Cathedral are created in the gothic style and feature striated red glass in the backgrounds.</span>J. Kenneth Leaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08259288997258578152noreply@blogger.com0